An Assessment of the Prevalence and Risk Factors of Gestational Diabetes in Plateau State
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Background of the Study
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy and can have significant consequences for both the mother and the baby. It is characterized by high blood glucose levels that are first identified during pregnancy and usually resolve after delivery (Alhassan et al., 2024). However, women who experience GDM are at an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life, and their children are more likely to experience metabolic disorders (Musa et al., 2023). The global prevalence of gestational diabetes is rising, with several risk factors contributing to its development, including obesity, advanced maternal age, family history of diabetes, and insufficient physical activity (Ibrahim et al., 2023).
In Nigeria, including Plateau State, the prevalence of GDM is concerning, with many women not being screened adequately or diagnosed early. Plateau State, located in the central region of Nigeria, is home to a diverse population, but healthcare access, particularly maternal healthcare, remains limited in rural areas (Bello et al., 2023). The lack of awareness about GDM, coupled with poor screening practices and inadequate prenatal care, makes it challenging to prevent or manage the condition effectively (Adamu et al., 2024).
This study seeks to assess the prevalence of gestational diabetes in Plateau State and examine the risk factors associated with its development. By understanding the prevalence and the factors contributing to GDM, the study aims to inform public health strategies to improve maternal health outcomes in the region.
Statement of the Problem
Gestational diabetes is a significant public health issue in Plateau State, with many women experiencing undiagnosed or poorly managed cases during pregnancy. The lack of comprehensive screening programs and limited awareness about GDM are key contributors to the growing prevalence of this condition. This study aims to assess the prevalence of gestational diabetes in Plateau State and identify the major risk factors associated with its development in pregnant women.
Objectives of the Study
1. To determine the prevalence of gestational diabetes among pregnant women in Plateau State.
2. To identify the risk factors associated with the development of gestational diabetes in Plateau State.
3. To assess the awareness and screening practices for gestational diabetes among healthcare providers and pregnant women in Plateau State.
Research Questions
1. What is the prevalence of gestational diabetes among pregnant women in Plateau State?
2. What are the major risk factors associated with gestational diabetes in Plateau State?
3. What are the levels of awareness and screening practices for gestational diabetes among pregnant women and healthcare providers in Plateau State?
Research Hypotheses
1. The prevalence of gestational diabetes in Plateau State is associated with factors such as obesity, age, and family history of diabetes.
2. Inadequate screening and lack of awareness about gestational diabetes contribute to its high prevalence in Plateau State.
3. Pregnant women with a family history of diabetes and advanced maternal age are more likely to develop gestational diabetes in Plateau State.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will focus on pregnant women in Plateau State, assessing the prevalence and risk factors of gestational diabetes through surveys, medical records, and laboratory tests. Data will be collected from both urban and rural healthcare facilities. Limitations include the possibility of incomplete medical records, potential biases in self-reported risk factors, and challenges in reaching remote areas.
Definition of Terms
• Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM): A condition in which a woman without diabetes develops high blood glucose levels during pregnancy.
• Risk Factors: Characteristics or conditions that increase the likelihood of developing gestational diabetes, including obesity, advanced maternal age, and family history of diabetes.
• Prevalence: The proportion of pregnant women in a population who are diagnosed with gestational diabetes during a specified period.
• Screening Practices: The process of testing pregnant women for gestational diabetes, typically through glucose tolerance tests or blood sugar measurements.
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Chapter One: Introduction
